This is caused by a white fly therefore, control of fly is essential. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus mymv in greengram vigna radiata. The whiteflyborne mung bean yellow mosaic virus mymv in thailand was. Pdf mungbean yellow mosaic disease and its management. Bean yellow mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus potyvirus and the virus family potyviridae. Mung bean yellow mosaic virus descriptions of plant viruses. As in bcmv, bymv will have contrasting yellow or green mosaic markings on the foliage of the infected plant. Seedborne nature of a begomovirus, mung bean yellow. The yellow discoloration of pods and seeds of infected plants and symptom emergence in the very first trifoliate leaf of the plants in the field were suggestive that the virus may be seed borne, which was investigated in. Mung bean is attacked by several viral diseases but the most devastating is mung bean yellow mosaic virus mymv and its vector bemisia tabaci genn. The visible symptoms of the disease were critically observed and infected plants were identified according to the description 8. Symptoms although symptoms of bymv may vary depending on time of infection, bean variety, and virus strain, symptoms generally include one or more of the following.
Effect of dates of sowing on incidence and severity of. Yellow mosaic disease of cultivated legumes in southeast asia, is caused by mungbean yellow mosaic india virus mymiv and mungbean yellow mosaic virus mymv belonging to the genus begomovirus of the family geminiviridae. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus begomovirus is a major exotic disease of mungbeans causing leaf discoloration. Mosaic viruses are mostly spread by insects, especially aphids and leafhoppers. Of the various viral diseases inflicting legume crops, mungbean yellow mosaic disease is one of the most destructive and widely distributed. The identification and differentiation of virus infections of broad bean. However, the begomovirus causing yellow mosaic disease in horsegram could not be. The common bean can be bushy, vinelike or climbing depending on the variety being grown. The begomoviruses that infect legumes in the ow, known collectively as legume yellow mosaic viruses lymvs, are amongst the most unusual. While beans can become infected by multiple viruses, bymv seems to be the one most frequently observed. Indicates the number of plants infected per 10 mung bean seedlings inoculated.
Symptoms of infection with mung bean yellow mosaic virus. Depending on the severity of the disease infection, the. You can try covering your plants with a floating row cover or aluminum foil mulches to prevent these insects from infecting your plants. The most important viruses which infect this crop in the mediterranean region are bean leafroll virus blrv, bean yellow mosaic virus bymv, pea seedborne mosaic virus psbmv, and pea enation mosaic virus pemv1. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus begomovirus is a major exotic disease of mungbeans causing leaf discoloration and yield losses. Wilczek, also known as greengram, green bean, mash bean, golden gram and green soy is an important source of dietary protein across asia. The gram yellow mosaic virus affects black gram more often than green gram. Molecular studies on transmission of mungbean yellow mosaic virus ymv by bemisia tabaci in mungbean. A vein yellowing in mung bean, b yellow mosaic in mung bean, c yellow mosaic in soybean, and d severe downward curling in top crop bean. At 30 days postinoculation, they showed infection rates of 25% to 100%. International journal of current microbiology and applied. Yellow mosaic this disease is caused by virus, starting as small yellow specks along the veinlets and spreading over the lamina. Molecular detection of mungbean yellow mosaic india virus. Infectivity of virus specific doublestranded dna from tissue infected by mung bean yellow mosaic virus.
Translocation of bean yellow mosaic virus in pea, bean and bell bean plants. Phylogenetic analysis and domain structure of geminivirus ac5 proteins. The symptoms of bean yellow mosaic bymv vary again, depending upon the virus strain, stage of growth at the time of infection and variety of bean. Infected plants ramakrishnan nair, avrdc, india close up of infected leaf. Bean mosaic information how to treat mosaic symptoms of. Resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus in mungbean. The yellow mosaic viruses ymv infecting legumes are considered to be the most devastating begomoviruses as they incite considerable yield loss. Pdf soybean cultivar resistant to mungbean yellow mosaic. Peas are reported to be infected with at least 30 viruses worldwide.
Like other members of the potyvirus genus, it is a monopartite strand of positivesense, singlestranded rna surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. Enhancing resistance level against mungbean yellow mosaic virus by inducing defense related enzymes in mungbean ummaduddin umar 1, syed burhanuddin 2, muhammad fahad khan 1, ateeq ur rehman 1, syed atif hasan naqvi 1, muhammad asif zulfiqar 3. Evaluation of mungbean genotypes based on yield stability. Soybean mosaic virus smv is a member of the plant virus family potyvirideae and is the cause of soybean mosaic disease, which occurs in all soybean production areas of the world. Different strains of the virus cause varied symptoms, such as a faint yellow mosaic and stunting or distortion of leaves and severe stunting. The effect of salicylic and jasmonic acids on tomato. The common region cr and seven putative open reading frames orfs located in the viral and complementary strands are indicated. The yellow mosaic diseases of a number of legumes across southern asia are caused by four species of whitefly. Infection with mungbean yellow mosaic virus can result in yield losses of up to 100%. Small yellow specks along the veinlets developing into yellow mosaic. Very severe yellow discoloration of leaves covering 90. Mixed infections of bean yellow mosai c virus and soybean mosaic virus are common in soybeans. Transmission efficiency of mung bean yellow mosaic virus mymv by bemisia tabaci in mungbean.
The yellow patches on the leaves considerably reduce plant productivity. Evaluation of mung bean germplasm for resistance against. Management of mungbean yellow mosaic virus mymv in. Enhancing resistance level against mungbean yellow mosaic. Materials and methods twelve mung bean genotypes namely nm92, nm2006, azri 2006, nm121, nm54, nm2021, 014358, 014287, 014530. Virus diseases of beans fact sheet cornell university. The disease appears in sever form every year and in epidemic years it could cause up to 100 per cent yield loss 8.
Infectivity of virusspecific doublestranded dna from tissue infected by mung bean yellow mosaic virus. Mungbean infected by whitefly transmission or by grafting showed. The leaves grow alternately on the stems, are green or purple in color and are divided into 3 oval leaflets with smooth edges. Singh, inheritance of resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus in greengram, anajps inheritance of resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus mymv in inter and intra specific crosses of mungbean vigna radiata nals of agricultural research, vol. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus fs plant health australia. Bean yellow mosaic symptoms appear as distinct dark and yellowish green areas. Efforts to engineer resistance against the genus begomovirus are focused mainly on silencing of complementarysense virus genes involved in. It is widely grown in tropical and subtropical re gions as a monoculture and as a component in. The whiteflyborne mungbean yellow mosaic virus mymv in thailand was transmitted by.
Pronounced yellow mottling and discoloration of leaves stunting of plants covering 50. Control bean yellow mosaic is not seedtransmitted, thus roguing is of no value. Pdf management of yellow mosaic disease of mungbean against. Warm temperatures and high humidity favor vector populations. Among four viruses presumed to be mung bean yellow mosaic virus, from india, west pakistan, sri lanka and thailand, virus purification honda et al. Comparisons of the sequence homology among the four viruses could be useful in. Note the green and yellow mottling of the leaf surface mungbean yellow mosaic virus what is mungbean yellow mosaic virus. Serological studies on mung bean yellow mosaic virus.
Sedimentation profiles of purified extracts from mung bean yellow mosaicinfected top. Mung bean yellow mosaic disease caused by mungbean yellow mosaic begomovirus mymv is the most destructive viral disease of mungbean and mashbean not only in pakistan but also in india, bangladesh, srilanka and adjacent area of southeast asia bakar, 1981. Planting of yellow mosaic virus resistant varieties is the best control measure. Bean yellow mosa ic virus h as a wide host r ange, is easily transmissible mechanically, a nd by more than 20 species of aphids in a nonpersistent manner. Cucumber mosaic virus cmv is one of the most important plant viruses responsible for sharp reductions in the production of many cultivated plants. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus mymv is a plant pathogenic virus of the family geminiviridae. Agro infection techniques for mung bean yellow mosaic. Bean yellow mosaic virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Molecular studies on transmission of mung bean yellow.
Mungbean yellow mosaic disease and its management j. Screening of mungbean genotypes against mungbean yellow mosaic virus disease. Screening of mungbean genotypes against mungbean yellow. This work was conducted to identify mungbean genotypes showing yield stability and resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus mymv disease. Identification of mungbean yellow mosaic india virus infecting vigna. Bean yellow mosaic virus bymv, also called bean virus 2 bv2, is the most widespread bean virus in new york state and can be found nearly every year. Soybean mosaic virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Five cultivars of white soybean were agroinoculated using an infectious tylcv clone. Yellow mosaic disease ymd caused by mungbean yellow mosaic virus mymv is one of the most destructive biotic production constraints in mungbean. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus infected plants were collected from naturally infected plots at zars, gkvk, bangaluru and whiteflies were released for acquisition access period of 24 m 1235 2. Bean diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Sixteen genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with two replications for two years 2011 and 2012 at three locations gazipur, ishurdi and madaripur of the bangladesh agricultural research institute. The symptoms of this disease may vary depending upon the variety, the virus strain, the stage of growth at the time of infection, and environmental factors. Host range of mungbean yellow mosaic virus mymv and.
Frequent occurrence of mungbean yellow mosaic india virus. Identification of stable sources of resistance to mungbean. The ac5 protein encoded by mungbean yellow mosaic india. Mungbean yellow mosaic disease severely affects the plants causing up to 100% yield losses. Lymvs are bipartite begomoviruses and the group includes mungbean yellow mosaic india virus mymiv 27, mungbean yellow mosaic virus mymv 28 and dolichos yellow mosaic virus 29. First report of natural infection of mungbean yellow mosaic india virus in two wild species of vigna. Development and introduction of resistant cultivars are considered as the most economical and ecofriendly option to manage ymd, for which availability of stable sources of resistance is a pre. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus, mungbean yellow mosaic india virus, dolichos yellow mosaic virus and horsegram yellow mosaic virus. Seed transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in. Pdf first report of mungbean yellow mosaic india virus. The magnitude of loss depends on the stage of the crop when infected the severity of disease on individual plant and number of plants infected 7. Engineering resistance against mungbean yellow mosaic.
The disease is transmitted by whitefly bemisia tabaci. Frequent occurrence of mungbean yellow mosaic india virus in. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic capacity, proline and total soluble carbohydrates tsc content were measured in the leaves of tomato solanum lycopercicum cv. The common bean, phaseolus vulgaris, is an herbaceous annual plant in the family fabaceae which is grown as a pulse and green vegetable. First report of mungbean yellow mosaic india virus on mungbean in pakistan. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv infection of the common bean phaseolus vulgaris has been reported, but soybean glycine max has not previously been identified as a tylcv host.
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